Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true?
a. TCP is not reliable.
b. UDP is not reliable.
c. TCP is fast and UDP is slow.
d. In HTTPS, all communication between two computers are encrypted.
Let's evaluate each statement:
a. TCP is not reliable.
This statement is not true. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable and connection-oriented protocol. It ensures that data is transmitted reliably from one end to the other by establishing a connection, acknowledging data receipt, and retransmitting lost or corrupted packets. It is designed for applications that require guaranteed data delivery.
b. UDP is not reliable.
This statement is true. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is not a reliable protocol. It is a connectionless and lightweight protocol that does not provide error checking, acknowledgment, or retransmission of lost packets. UDP is used in situations where some packet loss is acceptable, such as real-time streaming, online gaming, or other applications where speed is more important than guaranteed delivery.
c. TCP is fast, and UDP is slow.
This statement is not necessarily true. The speed of TCP and UDP depends on various factors, including the specific use case, network conditions, and application requirements. TCP is often perceived as slower than UDP due to its reliability mechanisms (acknowledgments, retransmissions, congestion control), which can introduce some overhead. However, TCP's reliability makes it suitable for many applications where data integrity is crucial. UDP can be faster in situations where speed is prioritized over reliability.
d. In HTTPS, all communication between two computers is encrypted.
This statement is generally true. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a protocol that secures communication over the internet. It encrypts data exchanged between a client (e.g., a web browser) and a server (e.g., a website) using cryptographic techniques like SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security). This encryption ensures that the data exchanged between the two computers is confidential and cannot be easily intercepted by malicious actors. However, it's important to note that not all communication on the internet is encrypted; HTTPS specifically encrypts web traffic.
So, the correct statements are:
b. UDP is not reliable.
d. In HTTPS, all communication between two computers is encrypted.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
a. DatagramSocket is a UDP endpoint API.
b. DatagramSocket is a TCP server API.
c. ServerSocket is a TCP server API.
d. ServerSocket is a TCP client API.
Let's evaluate each statement:
a. DatagramSocket is a UDP endpoint API.
This statement is true. DatagramSocket is a Java API that is used for working with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) sockets. It allows you to create a socket for sending and receiving UDP datagrams, making it a UDP endpoint API.
b. DatagramSocket is a TCP server API.
This statement is not true. DatagramSocket is not used for TCP connections. It is specifically designed for UDP communication. If you want to work with TCP, you would typically use Socket or ServerSocket in Java.
c. ServerSocket is a TCP server API.
This statement is true. ServerSocket is a Java API used for creating TCP server applications. It allows a server to listen for incoming TCP connections and accept them, making it suitable for TCP server implementations.
d. ServerSocket is a TCP client API.
This statement is not true. ServerSocket is not used for initiating TCP connections; it is used for listening and accepting incoming connections on the server side. To create a TCP client in Java, you would typically use the Socket class.
So, the correct statements are:
a. DatagramSocket is a UDP endpoint API.
c. ServerSocket is a TCP server API.
Which of the following is/are interface(s) present in java.net package?
a. InetAddress
b. URLConnection
C. SocketOptions
d. HttpURLConnection
In the Java java.net package, the following interfaces are present:
a. InetAddress - This interface represents an IP address. It provides methods for working with IP addresses, such as converting between hostname and IP address, getting the address bytes, and checking for equality.
b. URLConnection - This is not an interface; it's an abstract class in the java.net package. It's used for opening a connection to a resource specified by a URL. It provides methods for setting and getting request properties, as well as getting input and output streams for the connection.
c. SocketOptions - This is not an interface; it's an interface that's used for specifying socket options when working with sockets. It defines constants for various socket options, but it's not an interface that you implement in your own classes.
d. HttpURLConnection - This is not an interface; it's a concrete class that extends URLConnection. It's used specifically for making HTTP requests and handling HTTP responses. It provides methods for working with HTTP headers, cookies, and other HTTP-related features.
So, the correct interface present in the java.net package is:
a. InetAddress
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
a. URL is the acronym for Uniform Resource Locator
b. A URL takes the form of a string that describes how to find a resource on the Internet.
c URLs have two main components: the protocol needed to access the resource and location of the resource. the
d. The URL class is present in the java.net package
Let's evaluate each statement:
a. URL is the acronym for Uniform Resource Locator.
This statement is true. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and it is used to specify the address or location of a resource on the internet.
b. A URL takes the form of a string that describes how to find a resource on the Internet.
This statement is true. A URL is indeed a string that provides a standardized way to describe how to locate and access a resource on the Internet. It typically includes information such as the protocol (e.g., HTTP, FTP), domain name or IP address, port number, and resource path.
c. URLs have two main components: the protocol needed to access the resource and location of the resource.
This statement is true. URLs consist of two main components: the protocol (or scheme) needed to access the resource (e.g., http, ftp, file) and the location of the resource (e.g., domain name, IP address, and resource path).
d. The URL class is present in the java.net package.
This statement is true. The URL class is indeed present in the java.net package in Java. It is used for working with Uniform Resource Locators, allowing you to parse, construct, and manipulate URLs in Java programs.
So, all the statements (a, b, and d) are true.
In the following URL, identify the Resource name?
a. https
b. nptel.ac.in
c. ac.in
d. https://nptel.ac.in
In the URL "https://nptel.ac.in":
a. "https" is the protocol or scheme, not the resource name.
b. "nptel.ac.in" is the domain or host name, not the resource name.
c. "ac.in" is a part of the domain, not the resource name.
d. "https://nptel.ac.in" is the entire URL, including the protocol and domain.
In this URL, the resource name is not explicitly specified. The resource name typically comes after the domain name in the path part of the URL. For example, if the URL were "https://nptel.ac.in/course.html," then "course.html" would be the resource name.
Which of the following is/are application layer protocol(s)?
a. TCP
b. UDP
C. HTTP
d. FTP
Application layer protocols are responsible for providing communication services directly to applications or processes running on different devices. Let's evaluate each option:
a. TCP - Transmission Control Protocol is not an application layer protocol. It operates at the transport layer of the OSI model and provides reliable, connection-oriented communication services, but it does not define application-specific communication rules.
b. UDP - User Datagram Protocol is not an application layer protocol either. Like TCP, it operates at the transport layer and provides connectionless, lightweight communication services without defining specific application-level rules.
c. HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application layer protocol. It is used for communication between web browsers and web servers to retrieve and display web pages. HTTP defines the rules for requesting and transmitting hypertext (HTML) documents over the internet.
d. FTP - File Transfer Protocol is another application layer protocol. It is used for transferring files between a client and a server. FTP defines a set of commands and responses to facilitate file transfer and management.
So, the correct application layer protocols are:
c. HTTP
d. FTP
In the socket programming, for an IP address, which can be used to find the host name and IP address of a client/server?
a. The ServerSocket class
b. The Socket class
c. The InetAddress class
d. The Connection interface
In socket programming, to find the host name and IP address of a client or server given an IP address, you can use the InetAddress class. This class provides methods for working with IP addresses and hostnames, including methods to resolve hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa.
So, the correct answer is:
c. The InetAddress class
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
a. Addresses belongs to a Low-Level API.
b. Sockets belong to High-Level API.
c. URIs and URLs are Low-Level API.
d. Interfaces are High-Level API.
Let's evaluate each statement:
a. Addresses belong to a Low-Level API.
This statement is generally true. Addresses in networking, such as IP addresses and MAC addresses, are typically considered part of the low-level networking infrastructure. Low-level networking APIs deal with the lower layers of network communication and hardware interaction.
b. Sockets belong to a High-Level API.
This statement is not accurate. Sockets are considered part of a lower-level networking API. Sockets provide an interface for network communication and are used for creating and managing network connections. They operate at a lower level than high-level APIs designed for specific protocols.
c. URIs and URLs are Low-Level API.
This statement is not accurate. URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) and URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) are not part of low-level networking APIs. They are higher-level concepts used for identifying and locating resources on the internet. They are used in web-related applications and are not involved in low-level networking tasks.
d. Interfaces are High-Level API.
This statement is somewhat accurate but can be misleading. Interfaces in programming can be found at various levels of abstraction. They can exist in both low-level and high-level APIs, depending on their purpose. In networking, interfaces can be used at both levels, such as network interfaces at a low level and high-level interfaces for application-specific functionality.
In summary, the accurate statements are:
a. Addresses belong to a Low-Level API.
c. URIs and URLs are not Low-Level API.
Sockets are considered part of a lower-level networking API, but the term "High-Level API" might not be the most precise way to describe them. The categorization of "High-Level" and "Low-Level" can vary depending on the context and perspective of the discussion.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
a. DatagramSocket implements Object.
b. DatagramSocket implements Closeable.
c. DatagramSocket extends Object.
d. DatagramSocket extends Closeable.
e. DatagramSocket extends Object implements Closeable
Let's evaluate each statement:
a. DatagramSocket implements Object.
This statement is not accurate. In Java, all classes implicitly extend the Object class, so there's no need to explicitly state that a class implements Object. Therefore, the DatagramSocket class, like all other Java classes, is derived from Object.
b. DatagramSocket implements Closeable.
This statement is not accurate. The DatagramSocket class in Java does not implement the Closeable interface. However, it does have a close() method that allows you to close the socket, which is commonly used for cleaning up resources when you're done with the socket.
c. DatagramSocket extends Object.
This statement is not accurate. While all Java classes ultimately have Object as their root ancestor due to inheritance, DatagramSocket does not explicitly extend the Object class. Inheritance from Object is implicit for all classes in Java.
d. DatagramSocket extends Closeable.
This statement is not accurate. The DatagramSocket class in Java does not extend the Closeable interface. However, it provides a close() method to close the socket when it's no longer needed.
e. DatagramSocket extends Object implements Closeable.
This statement is not accurate. The correct representation would be: "DatagramSocket extends Object, implements Closeable." This means that DatagramSocket inherits from the Object class and also implements the Closeable interface to provide the close() method.
So, the accurate statement is:
e. DatagramSocket extends Object, implements Closeable.
Which of the following is/are application layer protocol(s)?
a. TCP
b. UDP
C. ARP
d. SMTP
Application layer protocols are responsible for providing communication services directly to applications or processes running on different devices. Let's evaluate each option:
a. TCP - Transmission Control Protocol is not an application layer protocol. It operates at the transport layer of the OSI model, providing reliable, connection-oriented communication services.
b. UDP - User Datagram Protocol is not an application layer protocol either. Like TCP, it operates at the transport layer, providing connectionless, lightweight communication services.
c. ARP - Address Resolution Protocol is not an application layer protocol. It operates at the link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model, used for mapping an IP address to a physical MAC address within a local network.
d. SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is indeed an application layer protocol. SMTP is used for sending and receiving email messages. It defines the rules for how email clients and servers communicate and transmit email messages.
So, the correct application layer protocol is:
d. SMTP